Expressionism

Expressionism is a modernistmovement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.^[1][2]Expressionist artists have sought to express the meaning^[3] of emotional experience rather than physical reality.^[3][4]

Alvar Cawén, Sokea soittoniekka (Blind Musician), 1922

Rolf Nesch, Elbe Bridge I

Franz Marc, Die großen blauen Pferde (The Large Blue Horses), 1911

Some of the style’s main visual artists of the early 20th century were:

• Argentina: Xul Solar
• Armenia: Martiros Saryan
• Australia: Sidney Nolan, Charles Blackman, John Perceval, Albert Tucker, and Joy Hester. Another prominent artist who came from the German Expressionist “school” was Bremen-born Wolfgang Degenhardt. After working as a commercial artist in Bremen, he migrated to Australia in 1954 and became quite well known in the Hunter Valley region.
• Austria: Richard Gerstl, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Josef Gassler and Alfred Kubin
• Belgium: Marcel Caron, Anto Carte, and Auguste Mambour, and the Flemish Expressionists: Constant Permeke, Gustave De Smet, Frits Van den Berghe, James Ensor, Albert Servaes, Floris Jespers and Gustave Van de Woestijne.
• Brazil: Anita Malfatti, Cândido Portinari, Di Cavalcanti, Iberê Camargo and Lasar Segall.
• Denmark: Einer Johansen, Jens Søndergaard, Oluf Høst
• Estonia: Konrad Mägi, Eduard Wiiralt, Kuno Veeber
• Finland: Tyko Sallinen,^[20] Alvar Cawén, and Wäinö Aaltonen.
• France: Frédéric Fiebig, Georges Rouault, Alexandre Frenel, Georges Gimel, Gen Paul, Marie-Thérèse Auffray, Jacques Démoulin and Bernard Buffet.
• Germany: Ernst Barlach, Max Beckmann, Fritz Bleyl, Heinrich Campendonk, Otto Dix, Conrad Felixmüller, George Grosz, Erich Heckel, Carl Hofer, Max Kaus, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Käthe Kollwitz, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler, August Macke, Franz Marc, Ludwig Meidner, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Otto Mueller, Gabriele Münter, Rolf Nesch, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein, Christian Rohlfs, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Georg Tappert.
• Greece: George Bouzianis
• Hungary: Tivadar Kosztka Csontváry
• Iceland: Einar Hákonarson
• Ireland: Jack B. Yeats
• Indonesia: Affandi
• Israel: Isaac Frenkel Frenel
• Italy: Amedeo Modigliani, Emilio Giuseppe Dossena
• Japan: Kōshirō Onchi
• Lebanon: Rafic Charaf
• Mexico: Mathias Goeritz (German émigré to Mexico), Rufino Tamayo
• Netherlands: Willem Hofhuizen, Herman Kruyder, Jan Sluyters, Vincent van Gogh, Jan Wiegers and Hendrik Werkman
• Norway: Edvard Munch, Kai Fjell
• Poland: Henryk Gotlib
• Portugal: Mário Eloy, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso
• Russia: Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Chaïm Soutine, Alexej von Jawlensky, Natalia Goncharova, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, and Marianne von Werefkin (Russian-born, later active in Germany and Switzerland).
• Romania: Horia Bernea
• Serbia: Nadežda Petrović
• South Africa: Maggie Laubser, Irma Stern
• Spain Ignacio Zuloaga, José Gutiérrez Solana, Julio Romero de Torres
• Sweden: Leander Engström, Isaac Grünewald, Axel Törneman
• Switzerland: Carl Eugen Keel, Cuno Amiet, Paul Klee
• Ukraine: Alexis Gritchenko (Ukraine-born, most active in France), Vadim Meller
• United Kingdom: Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff, Lucian Freud, Patrick Heron, John Hoyland, Howard Hodgkin, John Walker
• United States: Ivan Albright, David Aronson, Milton Avery, Leonard Baskin, George Biddle, Hyman Bloom, Peter Blume, Charles Burchfield, David Burliuk, Stuart Davis, Lyonel Feininger, Wilhelmina Weber Furlong, Elaine de Kooning, Willem de Kooning, Beauford Delaney, Arthur G. Dove, Norris Embry, Philip Evergood, Kahlil Gibran, William Gropper, Philip Guston, Marsden Hartley, Albert Kotin, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Rico Lebrun, Jack Levine, Alfred Henry Maurer, Robert Motherwell, Alice Neel, Abraham Rattner, Esther Rolick, Ben Shahn, Harry Shoulberg, Joseph Stella, Harry Sternberg, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Dorothea Tanning, Steffen Thomas, Wilhelmina Weber, Max Weber, Hale Woodruff, Karl Zerbe.
• Uruguay: Rafael Barradas

Representative paintings

• August Macke, Lady in a Green Jacket, 1913
• Franz Marc, Fighting Forms, 1914
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Nollendorfplatz, 1912
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Self-Portrait as a Soldier, 1915
• Chaïm Soutine – Vue de Céret 1922
• Abraham Mintchine – Pierrot 1928
• Chaim Soutine – Carcass of Beef c. 1925